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RESEARCH
10.09.2025, 11:55
Sovereignty Becoming Pulvereignty: Unpacking the Dark Side of Slave 4.0 Within Industry 4.0 in Twenty-First Century Africa
Mrisho  Malipula
Mrisho Malipula
Theobald Frank  Theodory
Theobald Frank Theodory

In a world where African states are consistently denied their rights to economic sovereignty, environmental sovereignty, political sovereignty as well as sovereignty over their natural resources, it is cause for wonder how the African states can be expected to deliver anticipated services to their citizens. Of course, when Africans mimic Western discourses about African state failure, state collapse, state weakness and so on, they fail to see that Western corporations, institutions and states are still riding on African states in the logics of global horse and rider relationships. Although African states are often condemned for supposedly failing, for being too weak and for collapsing agape, the Westerners who are riding on the African states, regarded as horses, are seldom critiqued for pulverizing African sovereignty by ‘sitting’ on African states that are supposed to be helping African citizens. When someone is sitting on a horse, one would not merely blame the horse for supposed failures and weaknesses, but one would also blame the rider who exerts weight on the horse that is seen to be failing, weakening, and collapsing. If a horse does not have sovereignty, how can it be blamed for straying? If a horse does not have sovereignty, how can it be blamed for failing to feed its family or even for being too weak? The twists and turns in the world emanate from the agendas of the riders; the riders directly or indirectly, covertly or overtly tell the horses what to do and what not to do; when to go straight and when to turn; when to walk and when to run; when to fight and when to seek peace; when to work and when to rest. In any case, the ‘riders’ have historically told the enslaved when to eat and when to fast; when to work and when to rest; when to marry and when not to marry; when to have children and when not to have children; what medicines to use and what not to use; what is safe for them and what is unsafe; what is civilisation and what is not civilisation; what is modern and what is primitive; what is development and what is not development; what is legal and what is not legal; what is rule of law and what is not rule of law; what is democracy and what is not democracy; what is human rights and what is not human rights; what is freedom and what is not freedom; what is liberty and what is not liberty. But one day, the horse will resist the commands in limbo.