This research argues that although past European colonialism of Africa and ongoing Chinese engagement in Africa share similarities in motivation and goals, there are significant differences in strategies. Hence, unlike the direct European colonial control of Africa, China has resorted to indirect modes of engagement such as bilateral trade agreements and investments. Third, externally, China is restrained by a new world order shaped by international norms and institutions that guards statehood and sovereignty. And further, it is argued that internally, China is restrained by its history/identity as a developing country, domestic politics and the lessons learnt from past European colonialism. Thus, China is a neo-colonialist entity devoid of unbridled territorial control and direct political and economic control of African nations.