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Burke Index
RESEARCH
07.09.2025, 17:17
Transfrontier Conservation Governance, Commodification of Nature, and the New Dynamics of Sovereignty in Namibia

Elephants know no national boundaries. This truism is frequently heard when conservationists explain the establishment of the Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area (KAZA), the largest in all of Africa. Whenever people talk about KAZA, elephants seem to take centre stage. The trivial fact that these large mammals do not stop their migrations at borders is used to justify an unprecedented international cooperation across southern Africa. Yet the implementation of transfrontier conservation areas (TFCA) does not only concern wildlife ecology. To tell the whole story, one also has to address more complex questions regarding political authority, environmental governance, economic interests, and the marketisation of natural resources. This chapter explores the relationship between emerging new dynamics of political power, the struggle for national sovereignty, and the commodification of nature in north-eastern Namibia.