This study employs a doctrinal legal research method, employing a historical and conceptual approach, mainly focusing on popular sovereignty as articulated by Hatta, one of the nation's founding figures. Sovereignty of the people is a principle embedded in paragraph IV of the preamble to the opening of the 1945 Constitution. However, the concept of popular sovereignty developed in Indonesia diverges from the Western concept outlined by Rousseau. This research is doctrinal legal research using historical and conceptual approaches, mainly focusing on popular sovereignty as articulated by Hatta, one of the nation's founding figures. The findings of this research illustrate that the concept of popular sovereignty in Indonesia must be rooted in indigenous Indonesian cultures and characterized by a collectivist pattern. Here, collectivism is regarded as a means to accommodate the diverse regional characteristics of Indonesian population. Conceptually, the people's sovereignty adopted by the Indonesian state contains five principles grouped into two fundamental principles: the essential principle encompassing freedom and equality and the procedural principle governing the implementation of popular sovereignty, including the principles of majority vote, accountability, and territoriality. The principle of territoriality emerged from one of Hatta's aspirations for popular sovereignty, aiming to mitigate cultural nationalism and foster a bottom-up democracy that embraces the noble values inherent in Indonesian society.