The liberation of Namibia from South African control culminated in its independence on March 21, 1990, marking a significant milestonein the country’s history. Initially under German colonial rule from 1884 until World War I, Namibia, then known as South West Africa, fell under South African administration after the war. Over the subsequent decades, South Africa enforced oppressive policies, including apartheid, which severely restricted the rights of the Namibian black majority. Resistance movements, notably the South-West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO), mobilized both internally and from exile to fight for independence, often facing brutal repression from South African forces.

A pivotal moment occurred on December 22, 1988, when an agreement involving Angola, Cuba, and South Africa was signed, paving the way for Namibian self-determination. The United Nations played a crucial role in overseeing subsequent elections, which led to the establishment of a democratic constitution. The new constitution enshrined human rights and aimed to rectify historical injustices, although challenges remained regarding ethnic tensions and political representation. Despite these issues, Namibia's transition from colonial rule to a democratic government has been largely viewed as a success story, demonstrating the complexities of post-colonial governance and the ongoing struggle for inclusivity and equality among its diverse populations.