Why Botswana has succeeded? Why Botswana is more developed than other Sub Sahara African Countries? These are the central questions that this paper addresses. It is informative and analytical as well as appeals to the more informed policy analysts and students by analyzing and discussing key issues that feature in this paper. It invites political analysts to examine the issues discussed in this paper by showing how identity based democracy is the key casual factor for Botswana’s success. The type of research that will be used in this paper is based on qualitative research. I will examine the phenomenon through critical evaluations in the literature review. However, the purpose of this paper is to identify the critical role of identity based democracy in Botswana’s success. This shall lead to the following objective: To critically evaluate the literature on the democratization process in Africa. I begin with a brief history of Botswana (Section 1), and discussion of the literature review about the democratization process in Africa (Section 2), and then look briefly at why Botswana has succeeded, and how Botswana escaped the resource curse (Section 3, 4).